Resumen Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la eficacia y seguridad de sacarosa oral como tratamiento no farmacológico del dolor neonatal. Se revisaron ensayos clínicos, metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas publicadas en las bases de datos PUBMED y Cochrane Library, entre 2010 y 2020. Los resultados de los 14 artículos seleccionados para su revisión mostraron que la sacarosa es efectiva para el tratamiento no farmacológico del dolor en prematuros y neonatos a término. Además, al combinarse con otros tratamientos no farmacológicos tiene un efecto sinérgico y potenciado. En ningún estudio se han notificado efectos adversos relacionados con su uso por lo que se considera un tratamiento seguro. La dosificación de la sacarosa ha sido estudiada y existe evidencia de uso en la práctica clínica pero sería necesario realizar un consenso para conocer cuál es la dosificación más óptima en cada procedimiento doloroso para disminuir la variabilidad en su dosificación.

Summary A bibliographic review was carried out on the efficacy and safety of oral sucrose as a non-pharmacological treatment of neonatal pain. Clinical trials, meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews published in the PUBMED and Cochrane Library databases between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. The results of the 14 articles selected for review showed that sucrose is effective for the non-pharmacological treatment of pain in preterm and term neonates. In addition, when combined with other non-pharmacological treatments it has a synergistic and enhanced effect. Adverse effects related to its use have not been reported in any study, which is why it is considered a safe treatment. The dosage of sucrose has been studied and there is evidence of its use in clinical practice, but it would be necessary to reach a consensus to know which is the most optimal dosage in each painful procedure to reduce the variability in its dosage.

Resumen Introducción: La trombocitopenia inducida por fármacos es un efecto adverso cuya incidencia es desconocida, pero que puede ser potencialmente severo. Pacientes y métodos: Se presentan los casos de dos pacientes con trombocitopenia asociada a ceftarolina y/o daptomicina utilizados en asociación en el tratamiento de endocarditis infecciosa por Staphylococcus aureusmeticilin-resistente (SARM). Resultados: En los dos casos descritos se observó un descenso en el recuento de plaquetas durante el tratamiento combinado, continuando el efecto pese a la reducción de dosis y asociándose a ceftarolina por la secuencia temporal fármaco/efecto. Ambos casos fueron notificados al Servicio de Farmacovigilancia. La evaluación de causalidad de ceftarolina mediante el algoritmo de Karch Lasagna modificado por Naranjo et al. resultó como posible en primer caso y probable en el segundo. Conclusiones: Ante los dos casos descritos y otros recogidos en la revisión bibliográfica sobre el riesgo de trombocitopenia asociada a ceftarolina, se plantea la necesidad de realizar controles hematológicos, especialmente en pacientes con tratamientos prolongados y/o con dosis elevadas. Son necesarios estudios postautorización para evaluar la incidencia de efectos adversos poco frecuentes.

Abstract Introduction: Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is an adverse effect whose incidence is unknown, but which can be potentially severe. Patients and methods: The cases of two patients with thrombocytopenia associated with ceftaroline and/or daptomycin used in association in the treatment of infective endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are presented. Results: In the two cases described, a decrease in the platelet count is shown during the combined treatment, continuing the effect despite the dose reduction and being associated with ceftaroline due to the drug/effect temporal sequence. Both cases were notified to the Pharmacovigilance Service. The causality assessment of ceftaroline using the Karch Lasagna algorithm modified by Naranjo et al. was possible in the first case and probable in the second. Conclusions: Given the two cases described and others collected in the literature review on the risk of thrombocytopenia associated with ceftaroline, it is necessary to carry out haematological controls, especially in patients with prolonged treatments and/or with high doses. Post-authorization studies are necessary to assess the incidence of rare adverse effects.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the efficacy and parasite resistance of levamisole (LV) and ivermectin (IVM) in beef cattle naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, as well as the effect on the liveweight gain in a tropical wet region of Oaxaca, Mexico. From November 2019 to January 2020, sixty-six grazing calves were randomly allocated into three groups of twenty-two animals each, treated with LV or IVM or an untreated control group (day 0). Feces were collected 1 day before treatment and 15 days after treatment. The liveweight gain from each animal was recorded at days 0, 15, 30 and 45 post treatment. The LV group presented the highest reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces, followed by the IVM group. Resistance to IVM was detected, although LV resistance was also suspected. The IVM group had significantly higher effective treatment at 93.5%, resulting in an increase (P<0.05) of liveweight gain of 16.1kg, followed by the LV group (92.4%) with 17.1kg, compared to the untreated control group. A significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation was observed between EPG and weight gain for the LV (�� = -0.46) and IVM groups (�� = -0.32). LV and IVM showed a lack of efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes, as well as an adequate capacity for EPG reduction but with IVM resistance and detrimental effects on growth performance in grazing beef cattle.

RESUMO Os nematódeos gastrointestinais do gado de pastoreio causam perdas econômicas substanciais em todo o mundo. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a eficácia e a resistência parasitária do levamisol (LV) e da ivermectina (IVM) em bovinos de corte naturalmente infectados com nematódeos gastrointestinais, bem como o efeito no ganho de peso vivo, em uma região tropical úmida de Oaxaca, México. De novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020, 66 bezerros de pasto foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos de 22 animais cada um, tratados com LV ou IVM, ou em um grupo controle sem tratamento (dia 0). As fezes foram coletadas 1 dia antes do tratamento e 15 dias após o tratamento. O ganho de peso vivo de cada animal foi registrado nos dias 0, 15, 30 e 45 pós-tratamento. O grupo do LV apresentou a maior redução de ovos por grama de fezes (EPG), seguido pelo grupo IVM. A resistência à IVM foi detectada, embora também se suspeitasse de resistência ao LV. O grupo IVM teve um tratamento eficaz significativamente maior, com 93,5%, resultando em um aumento (P < 0,05) do ganho de peso vivo de 16,1kg, seguido pelo grupo LV (92,4%), com 17,1kg, em comparação com o grupo controle sem tratamento. Foi observada uma correlação negativa (P < 0,05) entre o EPG e o ganho de peso para os grupos LV (�� = -0,46) e IVM (�� = -0,32). LV e IVM mostraram falta de eficácia contra nematódeos gastrointestinais, assim como uma capacidade adequada de redução de EPG, mas com resistência IVM e efeitos prejudiciais no desempenho de crescimento em gado de corte em pastagem.

Resumen: El nistagmo ictal es un fenómeno muy infrecuente secundario a una descarga epiléptica generalmente en el área temporo-occipital. Para su caracterización debemos apoyarnos en la historia clínica, exploración e idealmente observación de los episodios. Objetivo: Describir un caso de nistagmo ictal para remarcar las características que deben orientar a su sospecha diagnóstica y evitar retraso de tratamiento. Caso Clínico: Escolar de género masculino, 8 años de edad, sin antecedentes de relevancia, consultó por historia de 1 año de evolución de episodios de movimientos oculares conjugados horizontales con sacudidas rápidas y leve miosis asociada, de 5-10 segundos de duración, que sucedían 5-6 veces al día, con dudosa desconexión del medio o compromiso de conciencia en algunos de los episodios, sin otros signos ni síntomas acompañantes. Los exámenes generales fueron normales. Fue evaluado por oftalmología y otorrinolaringología que descartaron patología en esas esferas. El examen neurológico entre los episodios era normal. El vídeo-electroencefalograma demostró correlato electro-clínico, con actividad epileptiforme en la región temporal y occipital izquierda que se generalizaba posteriormente durante los episodios. La resonancia magnética cerebral resultó normal. Tras inicio de tratamiento con carbamazepina presentó buena evolución, sin recurrencia de los episodios a 2 años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: Frente a un caso de nistagmo adquirido se debe incluir en el diagnóstico diferencial la etiología epiléptica, especialmente si la frecuencia de los episodios es alta, son de duración breve y se asocian a compromiso de conciencia. El diagnóstico se sustenta en un vídeo-electroencefalograma con correlato electro-clínico y se espera buena respuesta al tratamiento con fármacos antiepilépticos.

Abstract: Ictal nystagmus is a rare phenomenon secondary to an epileptic seizure, usually in the temporo- occipital region. For its characterization, we must rely on clinical history, examination, and ideally observation of the episodes. Objective: To describe a case of this unusual entity and highlight the characteristics that should increase diagnostic suspicion in order to avoid treatment delay. Clinical Case: An 8-year-old schoolboy, with no relevant history, consulted due to 5-6 episodes a day in the last year of conjugate horizontal eye movements with rapid jerks and associated slight miosis, lasting 5-10 seconds, with doubtful disconnection from the environment or consciousness impairment in some of the episodes, with no other accompanying signs or symptoms. Neurological examination between episodes was normal. He was evaluated by ophthalmology and otolaryngology, which ruled out pathology in these areas. Video-electroencephalogram showed electro-clinical correlations, with epileptiform activity in the left temporal and occipital region, which subsequently generalized during episodes. Brain MRI showed no pathological findings. After initiation of carbamazepine treatment, the patient had a good evolution, without recurrence of the episodes at 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions: When faced with a case of acquired nystagmus, epileptic etiology should be included in the differential diagnosis, especially if the frequency of episodes is high, of short duration, and associated with consciousness impairment. The diagnosis is based on a video-electroencephalogram with electro-clinical correlations and a good response to treatment with antiepileptic drugs is expected.

Resumen: El nistagmo ictal es un fenómeno muy infrecuente secundario a una descarga epiléptica generalmente en el área temporo-occipital. Para su caracterización debemos apoyarnos en la historia clínica, exploración e idealmente observación de los episodios. Objetivo: Describir un caso de nistagmo ictal para remarcar las características que deben orientar a su sospecha diagnóstica y evitar retraso de tratamiento. Caso Clínico: Escolar de género masculino, 8 años de edad, sin antecedentes de relevancia, consultó por historia de 1 año de evolución de episodios de movimientos oculares conjugados horizontales con sacudidas rápidas y leve miosis asociada, de 5-10 segundos de duración, que sucedían 5-6 veces al día, con dudosa desconexión del medio o compromiso de conciencia en algunos de los episodios, sin otros signos ni síntomas acompañantes. Los exámenes generales fueron normales. Fue evaluado por oftalmología y otorrinolaringología que descartaron patología en esas esferas. El examen neurológico entre los episodios era normal. El vídeo-electroencefalograma demostró correlato electro-clínico, con actividad epileptiforme en la región temporal y occipital izquierda que se generalizaba posteriormente durante los episodios. La resonancia magnética cerebral resultó normal. Tras inicio de tratamiento con carbamazepina presentó buena evolución, sin recurrencia de los episodios a 2 años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: Frente a un caso de nistagmo adquirido se debe incluir en el diagnóstico diferencial la etiología epiléptica, especialmente si la frecuencia de los episodios es alta, son de duración breve y se asocian a compromiso de conciencia. El diagnóstico se sustenta en un vídeo-electroencefalograma con correlato electro-clínico y se espera buena respuesta al tratamiento con fármacos antiepilépticos.

Abstract: Ictal nystagmus is a rare phenomenon secondary to an epileptic seizure, usually in the temporo- occipital region. For its characterization, we must rely on clinical history, examination, and ideally observation of the episodes. Objectives. To describe a case of this unusual entity and highlight the characteristics that should increase diagnostic suspicion in order to avoid treatment delay. Clinical Case: An 8-year-old schoolboy, with no relevant history, consulted due to 5-6 episodes a day in the last year of conjugate horizontal eye movements with rapid jerks and associated slight miosis, lasting 5-10 seconds, with doubtful disconnection from the environment or consciousness impairment in some of the episodes, with no other accompanying signs or symptoms. Neurological examination between episodes was normal. He was evaluated by ophthalmology and otolaryngology, which ruled out pathology in these areas. Video-electroencephalogram showed electro-clinical correlations, with epileptiform activity in the left temporal and occipital region, which subsequently generalized during episodes. Brain MRI showed no pathological findings. After initiation of carbamazepine treatment, the patient had a good evolution, without recurrence of the episodes at 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions: When faced with a case of acquired nystagmus, epileptic etiology should be included in the differential diagnosis, especially if the frequency of episodes is high, of short duration, and associated with consciousness impairment. The diagnosis is based on a video-electroencephalogram with electro-clinical correlations and a good response to treatment with antiepileptic drugs is expected.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the seasons (Summer and Autumn), on live weight, body condition, mass motility, percentage of live spermatozoa, and sperm-cell concentration of Creole roosters (Gallus domesticus) from Mexico. Semen from 35-week-old Creole roosters was collected weekly during 10 weeks in Summer and Autumn, through the dorso-abdominal massage technique. Roosters were individually kept under a constant photoperiod (16 hours light:8 hours dark). The average live weight was 4.5% higher (p<0.05) in Autumn (2.78 kg) than in Summer (2.66 kg), therefore this variable increased with age (r = 0.85, p<0.05). Category 2 of body condition occurred (p<0.05) with higher probability than the others (0, 1 and 3), being practically the same (p>0.05) in Autumn (99.96%) and in Summer (99.81%). On average (and in weeks 1 and 3-10), the percentage of live spermatozoa was higher in Summer than in Autumn. Accordingly, the percentage of live spermatozoa decreased with age (r = -0.82, p<0.05). However, on average, sperm-cell concentration did not change between seasons (p>0.05). In conclusion, Mexican Creole roosters showed higher percentage of live spermatozoa in Summer than in Autumn. Therefore, it is advisable to select these animals of about 2.7 kg and reproduce them in Summer.

Abstract In this review, we focus on heterogeneous, thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) mixtures our group has studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Systems considered include: (1) binary LC mixtures, (2) colloidal inclusions in a mesogenic solvent, and (3) confined mesogenic samples. An extension of the Gay-Berne model is provided to treat the mixtures investigated. Our findings are contextualized to calamitic and discotic LC systems. Structural properties of the mesogenic solvent are probed using the Maier-Saupe (nematic) order parameter. Representative snapshots from MD simulations are used to corroborate phase phenomenology. Topological defects are treated in the presence of colloidal inclusions and in confined samples. The effect of solvent flow on the behavior of topological defects is also assessed. These LC mixtures are of interest in the area of applied materials: aside from their rich mesophase behavior, these systems provide a promising platform for molecular self-assembly and organization.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo melhorar a competência motora e as relações sociais em estudantes com dificuldades de coordenação e/ou sociais, por meio de um programa abrangente de reforço das habilidades motoras. Para isso, o estudo está dividido em quatro fases. Na primeira, foram selecionados entre os 60 alunos participantes do terceiro curso de educação infantil, aqueles suscetíveis de apresentar dificuldades de movimento e/ou de relações sociais, após a aplicação de uma série de testes de filtragem. Na segunda e terceira fases, avaliou-se a competência motora por meio da Bateria de Avaliação de Movimentos para Crianças (Mabc-2) e se implementou um programa de alfabetização física orientada ao desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras básicas; para, finalmente, na quarta fase, comprovar se houve melhora na competência motora e nas relações sociais dos participantes. Após a aplicação da intervenção, melhorias significativas entre as médias pré e post na dimensão equilíbrio, pontaria e captura e pontuação global , bem como uma melhoria significativa em amigo positivo. O que nos sugere a continuar trabalhando nesta linha para promover o desenvolvimento adequado dos alunos na fase infantil, tanto no nível motor quanto no social.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue mejorar la competencia motriz y las relaciones sociales en alumnado con dificultades de coordinación y/o sociales a través de un programa integral de refuerzo motriz. Para ello, el estudio se dividió en cuatro fases. En la primera fase se seleccionaron, de entre los 60 niños participantes de tercer curso de Educación infantil, aquellos susceptibles de sufrir dificultades de movimiento y/o déficit en sus relaciones sociales, tras la aplicación de una serie de pruebas filtro. En la segunda y tercera fase se evaluó la competencia motriz, mediante la Batería de evaluación del movimiento para niños (MABC-2) y se implementó un programa de alfabetización física orientado al desarrollo de las habilidades motrices básicas para, finalmente, en la cuarta fase, comprobar si se había producido alguna mejora en la competencia motriz y en las relaciones sociales del alumnado participante. Tras la aplicación de la intervención se comprobaron mejoras significativas entre las medias pre y post en la dimensión equilibrio, puntería y atrape y puntuación global, además de una mejora significativa en amigo positivo. Estos resultados invitan a seguir trabajando en esta línea para favorecer un adecuado desarrollo de los alumnos de la etapa de infantil, tanto a nivel motriz como a nivel social.

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to improve motor competence and social relationships among students with coordination and / or social difficulties, through an integrative reinforcement program, from motor skills. For that purpose, the study was divided into four phases. In the first one, from among 60 children participating in the third year of Early Childhood Education, those who were susceptible to suffer difficulties with movement and / or deficits in their social relationships were selected, after having applied different filter tests. In the second and third phase, motor competence was evaluated through the Children's Movement Assessment Battery (MABC-2) and a physical literacy program was implemented aimed at the development of basic motor skills. Finally, in the fourth phase, it was checked whether there had been any improvement in the motor competence and social relations of the participating students. After intervention, significant improvements were found between the pre and post averages in the dimension balance, aim and catch and overall score, plus a significant improvement in positive friend. These results invite us to continue working to promote the adequate development among students in the infant stage, both at the motor and social levels.

Abstract There is scientific consensus about a 0.20-meter rise in the global mean sea level over the period 1901-2018 (IPCC, 2021). This is a global figure, but the phenomenon is not occurring evenly throughout the world, so studies at smaller scales are relevant. This article describes the quantitative analysis performed to determine the current and future sea-level behavior on the central coast of the Gulf of Mexico and determine whether or not it shows a rise similar to the one reported on a global scale. The aim was to determine the sea level trend observed in the region. Based on the methodological approach of Zavala-Hidalgo et al. (2011), we selected three stations belonging to Mexico’s National Mareographic Network to characterize the sea level on the central coast of the Gulf of Mexico: Coatzacoalcos (18°09’ N, -94°26’ W); Frontera (18°32’ N, -92°38’ W), and Veracruz (19°12’ N, -96°08’ W). Daily and annual cycles were plotted to determine the current behavior of the sea level. Subsequently, using hourly records, graphs of the temporal evolution of tides were constructed for the years available in each time series. Each of these graphs was associated with a trend line describing the sea-level variations over time, and a numerical value for each trend line was calculated along with its associated uncertainty. Finally, we estimated future values for sea-level height in the region using extrapolations. These predictions were compared with other databases for the qualitative analysis. The first results obtained indicate a stable and constant behavior of sea level on the central coast of the Gulf of Mexico, with well-defined daily and annual cycles. The overall sea-level trend in this region is -1.86 mm year-1 from 1999 to 2018. The general trend in the first decade was +3.6 mm year-1 and in the second, -1.26 mm year-1. In the period 2000 to 2010, the mean sea level on the central coast of the Gulf of Mexico rose by about 0.03 meters. The period 2011 to 2018 shows a reduction in sea level of approximately 0.008 meters. Predictions constructed with extrapolations estimated a future rise of about 0.47 to 1.07 meters by 2200 considering the trend observed in the first decade and a reduction of 0.41 to 0.02 meters by 2200 considering the trend in the second decade. The overall trend observed in the period 1999-2018 for the central coast of the Gulf of Mexico corresponds to a decrease in sea level in the region, but its effects have not been observed. The first decade of the period considered shows a constant rise in sea level until 2010. From 2011, the increase was slower and more progressive. The corrected segmented trend for the first decade is consistent with the global average trend established by the IPCC (2021). The negative trends do not coincide with any values reported in the literature. Our sea-level projections underestimate the rise compared to those associated with RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. Two of the three mareographic stations considered in the present study did not record data over a full year (2011) and resumed reporting data with values lower than those at the start of the suspension. The nature of this gap in the time series was not determined in the present study, but it may be associated with instrument recalibration. The effect of this recording suspension on the results presented is unknown, although a potential causal relationship is not ruled out.

Resumen Hay consenso científico sobre un aumento en el nivel medio del mar global de alrededor de 0.20 metros durante el periodo 1901-2018 (IPCC, 2021). Este es global, pero no homogéneo, por lo que resultan relevantes los estudios a escalas menores. En este artículo se describe el análisis cuantitativo que se realizó para determinar el comportamiento actual y a futuro de la altura del nivel del mar en la costa central del golfo de México y determinar si presenta o no un aumento similar al reportado a escala global. Se busca determinar la naturaleza del comportamiento observado en el nivel del mar de la región. Tomando como base metodológica el trabajo de Zavala-Hidalgo et al. (2011), fueron seleccionadas tres estaciones pertenecientes a la Red Mareográfica Nacional para caracterizar la marea en la costa central del gofo de México: Coatzacoalcos (18°09’ N, -94°26’ W); Frontera (18°32’ N, -92°38’ W) y Veracruz (19°12’ N, -96°08’ W). Se graficaron los ciclos diarios y anuales para determinar el comportamiento actual de la marea. Posteriormente, utilizando registros horarios, se construyeron gráficas de la evolución temporal para los años disponibles en cada serie de tiempo. A cada una de estas gráficas se le asoció una línea de tendencia que describía las variaciones de la marea con el tiempo y fue calculado un valor numérico para cada línea de tendencia junto a su incertidumbre asociada. Finalmente, haciendo uso de extrapolaciones se estimaron valores a futuro para la altura del nivel del mar en la región. Estas predicciones fueron comparadas con las de otras bases para el análisis cualitativo. Los primeros resultados obtenidos indican un comportamiento estable y constante de la marea en la costa central del golfo de México, con ciclos a escala diaria y anual bien definidos. La tendencia global del nivel del mar en esta región es de -1.86 mm año-1 para el periodo 1999 a 2018. La tendencia global para la primera década es 3.6 mm año-1; la tendencia global para la segunda década es -1.26 mm año-1. En el periodo 2000 a 2010, el nivel medio del mar en la costa central del golfo de México aumentó en un orden de 0.03 metros. En el periodo 2011 a 2018 se observa una disminución en el nivel del mar de aproximadamente de 0.008 metros. A través de las predicciones construidas con extrapolaciones se estimó un aumento a futuro de alrededor de 0.47 a 1.07 metros hacia 2200, considerando las tendencias de la primera década, y una disminución de 0.41 a 0.02 metros hacia 2200, tomando en cuenta las tendencias de la segunda década. La tendencia global observada en el periodo 1999-2018 para la costa central del golfo de México corresponde a un descenso en la altura del nivel del mar en la región, pero sus efectos no han sido observados en el litoral centro del golfo de México. La primera década del periodo considerado presenta un aumento constante del nivel del mar hasta el 2010. A partir de 2011 el aumento es más lento y progresivo. La tendencia segmentada corregida de la primera década coincide con la tendencia media global establecida por el IPCC (2021). Las tendencias negativas no coinciden con ningún valor establecido por la literatura consultada. Las proyecciones de altura de nivel del mar subestiman el aumento respecto de las proyecciones asociadas a las RCP 2.6, 4.5 y 8.5. Dos de las tres estaciones mareográficas utilizadas en este artículo cortan sus registros un año entero -2011- y reanudan los datos con valores inferiores al inicio del corte. En este trabajo no se determinó la naturaleza de este hueco en las series de tiempo, pero se conjetura que esté asociado a recalibraciones del instrumento. Se desconoce el grado de influencia que este corte en los registros tiene en los resultados presentados, aunque no se descarta una posible causalidad.

ABSTRACT The effect of including partially dehulled sunflower seeds in the diet of grazing chickens in meat quality was evaluated. Two hundred and forty, one-day-old, Ross 308 chickens were used, randomly distributed into four treatments with six replicates of 10 birds each. Seventy-two birds were slaughtered at seven weeks of age, 18 per treatment, extracting the Pectoralis major muscle to analyze meat quality. The treatments were completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, where type of rearing (confinement or grazing) and diet (base diet or base diet substituting 10% soybean meal for partially dehulled sunflower seeds) were the independent variables. The grazing chickens spent 8 hours a day in a white clover (Trifolium repens) paddock. Including sunflower seeds improved (p<0.05) the color and crude protein (CP) in breast meat (p<0.05), while grazing increased (p<0.05) CP, dry mater (DM), and shear force (SF), and the percentage of breast fat decreased (p<0.05) by up to 50%. Additionally, grazing increased (p<0.05) saturated fatty acids (SFA) and reduced (p<0.05) lipid oxidation by up to 50%. Partially replacing soybean meal with partially dehulled sunflower seeds in the diet of grazing chickens with white clover improves the physicochemical characteristics and nutritional quality of the breast meat; it also decreases lipid oxidation, extending the shelf life of the meat.

The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian follicular activity, ovulation percentage, and body weight change in response to focused nutrition during synchronization of oestrus with an intravaginal device (CIDR®) (9 days) in Pelibuey ewes with high and low body condition. Seventy-two non-pregnant ewes without offspring were randomly distributed to one of four treatments, namely T1: (n = 18) ewes without focused nutrition and low body condition; T2: (n = 18) ewes without focused nutrition and high body condition; T3: (n = 18) ewes with focused nutrition and low body condition; and T4: (n = 18) ewes with focused nutrition and high body condition. While the CIDR device was in place, the ewes with focused nutrition received a supplement of 1.5 kg ewe/day, which contained 2.9 MCal metabolizable energy, 16% crude protein, 88.5% dry matter, 11.8% crude fibre, and 6.7% of ash. The concentration of progesterone (P4) was measured to determine ovulation percentage. The follicular population was quantified (2-3 mm, 4-5 mm, and >6 mm in diameter). The number of follicles between 2-3 mm and 4-5 mm in diameter was similar among treatments. The number of follicles >6 mm in diameter was higher in T4 ewes (2.2 ± 0.2) compared with T1, T2, and T3. The response to oestrus, the onset of oestrus, and the ovulation percentage were similar among treatments. Focused nutrition increased the number of ovarian follicles >6 mm in diameter in ewes with high body condition.

Abstract: Introduction: Significant Hill-Sachs lesions are associated with recurrent shoulder instability. Bankart-Remplissage (B+R) and Latarjet (L) are valid treatments for these injuries. Few studies compare both techniques. Objective: To compare functional outcome, complications and recurrent instability rate between B+R and L in patients operated for anterior shoulder instability (ASI) with significant Hill-Sachs (HS) lesions and non critical glenoid bone loss (NC-GBL). Material and methods: Retrospective cohort study with patients operated between 2010 and 2018 for ASI. 107 met inclusion criteria. Demographic data, complications, recurrence rate and subsequent procedures were obtained from their medical records. CT scan imaging was used to assess humeral and glenoid bone loss. Online questionnaires were sent for assesing functional outcomes with SSV, WOSI, VAS and qDASH. 48 patients completed the online assessment (26 B+R, 22 L). The mean follow-up was 3.8 years. Results: Comparing both groups, there were no differences in WOSI, SSV, EVA and qDASH. There was no difference in complication rate (B+R: 13 [18.8%], L: 5 [13.2%], p = 0.16), revisions (B+R: 4 [5.7%], L: 1 [2.6%], p = 0.41) and recurrent instability (B+R: 4 [5.7%], L: 1 [2.6%], p = 0.41). L in subgroup who practiced collision sports had better SSV (92.5 vs 72.5 p = 0.048) and WOSI (98.3 vs 67.3 p = 0.043). B+R in dominant extremity had worst complication rate (50 vs 9.1% p = 0.038). Association was not found between complications and recurrent instabillity according to glenoid bone defect or previous dislocation episodes. Conclusion: Significant Hill-Sachs lesions with NC-GBL, both Bankart-Remplissage and Latarjet achieve satisfactory results, with similar recurrent instability and functional outcomes. Latarjet has better subjetive funtional results in collision sports and less complication in dominant extremity compared to Bankart-Remplissage.

Resumen: Introducción: Los defectos óseos se asocian a inestabilidad de hombro recidivante. Bankart-Remplissage (B+R) y Latarjet (L) son alternativas de tratamiento. Pocos estudios comparan ambas técnicas. Objetivo: Comparar evolución funcional, complicaciones y tasa de recidiva, entre B+R y L en pacientes con inestabilidad glenohumeral anterior con defecto óseo no crítico. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes, en pacientes operados entre 2010 y 2018. Ciento siete pacientes fueron reclutados, de éstos, se obtuvo información desde su ficha clínica. Se midió tamaño de Hill-Sachs (HS) y defecto glenoideo en tomografía axial computarizada (TAC). Se envió encuesta remota evaluando funcionalidad con SSV, WOSI, EVA y qDASH. Cuarenta y ocho pacientes completaron el seguimiento remoto (26 B+R y 22 L). Media de seguimiento de 3.8 años. Resultados: Al comparar ambos grupos no hubo diferencias significativas en WOSI, EVA, qDASH ni SSV. No hubo diferencia en el número de complicaciones (B+R: 13 [18.8%], L: 5 [13.2%], p = 0.16), reoperaciones (B+R: 4 [5.7%], L: 1 [2.6%], p = 0.41) ni reluxación (B+R: 4 [5.7%], L: 1 [2.6%], p = 0.41). En pacientes que realizan deporte de contacto o colisión, L tuvo mejor SSV (92.5 vs 72.5 p = 0.048) y WOSI total (98.3 vs 67.3 p = 0.043). B+R en extremidad dominante presentó mayor tasa de complicaciones (50 vs 9.1% p = 0.038). No se encontró asociación para complicaciones y reluxación según defecto glenoideo o número de luxaciones previo a cirugía. Conclusión: Bankart-Remplissage y Latarjet tienen similar resultado funcional y tasa de reluxación en nuestros grupos estudiados. Latarjet muestra mejor resultado funcional subjetivo en deportistas de contacto y menores complicaciones en extremidad dominante.

Abstract Because of the frequent use of triclabendazole TCBZ by farmers and the recent reports of Fasciola hepatica resistance to this drug in herds and flocks from Neuquén, we carried out this study with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of TCBZ as fasciolicide in goats under a transhumance system from northern of Neuquén, Argentina. A fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed on Creale Neuquino goats naturally parasitized with F. hepatica. Twenty goats were divided into two groups: A control group (n: 10) which was left untreated, and a treatment group (n: 10) that was dosed orally with TCBZ 10% (Biofasiolex T10-Biogénesis Bagó ®). On Day 0 and Day 21 post-treatment, fecal samples were taken and analyzed by coproscopical examination. According to the FECRT, drug efficacy was 100 % and confirms that TCBZ maintains its efficacy against F. hepatica on goats. The usefulness of the FECRT in these zones under transhumance livestock production is discussed.

Resumen Debido al uso frecuente del triclabendazol (TCBZ) por parte de los productores, sumado al reporte reciente de resistencia de Fasciolahepatica al fármaco detectada en rodeos y majadas de Neuquén, se llevó a cabo el presente trabajo con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia del TCBZ como fasciolicida en caprinos bajo un sistema de producción trashumante del norte de la provincia de Neuquén, Argentina. La eficacia se evaluó mediante un test de reducción de conteo de huevos de F. hepatica en caprinos Criollo Neuquino parasitados naturalmente. Se utilizaron dos grupos de animales: un Grupo Control (n: 10) que no recibió tratamiento y un Grupo Tratado (n: 10) al que se le administró TCBZ al 10% (Biofasiolex T10-Biogénesis Bagó ®) vía oral a dosis de 10 mg/kg PV. Al día 0 y 21 post tratamiento, se tomaron muestras de materia fecal para análisis coproparasitológicos. Se evidenció una reducción del conteo de huevos de F. hepatica del 100%, indicando el mantenimiento de la eficacia del fasciolicida en los caprinos evaluados. Se discuten los alcances del uso del test de reducción de conteo de huevos en zonas con producción trashumante del ganado.

Summary Objetive Lifestyle and gynecological history appear to influence bone mineral metabolism. There are conflicting data on the possible effects of breastfeeding on the subsequent development of densitometric osteoporosis or the development of fragility fractures. The objective of this study was to assess these effects. Material and methods Observational, cross-sectional, open study, carried out in 758 postmenopausal women who were classified into two groups, depending on whether they had breastfed their children or not. Data were collected on lifestyles, gynecological history and fragility fractures. They underwent a general analysis, with renal and hepatic function, lipids, ions, as well as biochemical markers of bone remodeling, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D (25HCC). Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined in the lumbar spine and in the proximal extremity of the femur by dual Xray absorptiometry (DXA). Likewise, a quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement was performed on the calcaneus of the dominant foot. The raw data, after being compared by groups, were adjusted by applying the propensity score matching method, making a more precise comparison of the variables studied. Results The results prior to the application of the propensity score were adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), since in the baseline study there were significant differences in these variables between both groups (prevalence of hip fractures and kyphosis and in the following biochemical parameters: specifically uric acid, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and phosphorus). These differences disappeared after adjusting for the variables that were included in the model by the applied linear logistic regression. After adjusting with the propensity score matching and with the finally obtained linear regression model, no influence of breastfeeding was obtained on bone mineral density, on the prevalence of densitometric osteoporosis or on the appearance of fragility fractures after menopause. Conclusions Breastfeeding is not associated with higher or lower bone mineral density values, the prevalence of densitometric osteoporosis, or the presence of fragility fractures.

Resumen Objetivo Los estilos de vida y la historia ginecológica parecen influir en el metabolismo mineral óseo. Existen datos contradictorios sobre los posibles efectos de la lactancia materna en el posterior desarrollo de una osteoporosis densitométrica o la aparición de fracturas por fragilidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar dichos efectos. Material y métodos Estudio observacional, transversal, abierto, realizado en 758 mujeres postmenopáusicas que fueron clasificadas en dos grupos, dependiendo de que hubieran lactado a sus hijos o no. Se recogieron datos sobre estilos de vida, historia ginecológica y fracturas por fragilidad. Se les realizó una analítica general, con función renal, hepática, lípidos, iones, así como marcadores bioquímicos de remodelado óseo, hormona paratiroidea (PTH) y vitamina D (25HCC). Se les determinó la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en la columna lumbar y en la extremidad proximal del fémur mediante absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA). Así mismo se les realizó una medición mediante ultrasonografía cuantitativa (QUS) en el calcáneo del pie dominante. Los datos crudos, después de ser comparados por grupos, fueron ajustados aplicando el método de pareamiento por puntuación de propensión o propensity score matching, realizándose una comparación más precisa de las variables estudiadas. Resultados Los resultados previos a la aplicación del propensity score fueron ajustados por la edad y el índice de masa corporal (IMC), dado que en el estudio basal se apreciaron diferencias significativas en estas variables entre ambos grupos (prevalencia de las fracturas de cadera y la cifosis y en los siguientes parámetros bioquímicos: concretamente ácido úrico, glucosa, HDL-colesterol, triglicéridos y fósforo). Estas diferencias desaparecieron tras realizar el ajuste por las variables que fueron incluidas en el modelo por la regresión logística lineal aplicada. Tras realizar el ajuste con el propensity score matching y con el modelo de regresión lineal finalmente obtenido, no se obtuvo una influencia de la lactancia materna en la densidad mineral ósea, en la prevalencia de osteoporosis densitométrica o en la aparición de fracturas por fragilidad después de la menopausia. Conclusiones La lactancia materna no se asocia a mayores o menores valores de densidad mineral ósea, a la prevalencia de osteoporosis densitométrica ni a la presencia de fracturas por fragilidad.

Abstract We describe the case of a 41-day-old infant with a left craniofacial cervical and subglottic hemangioma with respiratory symptoms. Although infantile hemangiomas are occasional benign vascular tumors that appear predominantly on the skin, 1-2% of patients may have airway lesions that can sometimes cause potentially life-threatening respiratory conditions. The decision was made to immediately commence treatment with propranolol, without waiting to complete the extension and syndromic diagnoses. There was a positive clinical response and respiratory symptoms dissipated in twelve hours. Early treatment with beta-blockers is essential for children with hemangiomas whose location causes symptoms or significant functional changes: in some cases it may be a matter of urgency.

Resumen Se describe el caso de una lactante de 41 días de vida con un hemangioma cráneo-facio-cervical izquierdo y subglótico con repercusión respiratoria. Aunque los hemangiomas infantiles son tumores vasculares benignos que se presentan predominantemente en piel y de forma aislada, un 1-2% de los pacientes pueden tener lesiones en la vía aérea que ocasionalmente provocan cuadros respiratorios potencialmente mortales. Se decidió iniciar inmediatamente el tratamiento con propranolol, sin esperar a completar el diagnóstico de extensión y sindrómico, con buena respuesta clínica y desaparición de la sintomatología respiratoria en las siguientes doce horas. En los niños con hemangiomas que por su localización produzcan síntomas o alteración funcional importante, es imprescindible iniciar el tratamiento betabloqueante de forma precoz y en algunos casos, urgentemente.